Bio 105 Unit 2 self test

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Unit 2 Instructions

Unit 2 Self Test

Choose the single best answer for each of the following questions. A list of answers is given at the end of this page.

1. The best definition of ecology is:

A. stopping water and air pollution
B. saving animals from extinction by breeding them in zoos
C. the scientific study of relationships between organisms and their environment
D. restoring the environment back to its original state
E. giving all living organisms a scientific name

2. The law of conservation of matter says that:

A. high-quality matter is easily converted into low-quality matter
B. the first and second laws of thermodynamics are interchangeable
C. entropy causes matter to become more ordered
D. matter is neither created nor destroyed, but merely changes form
E. all of the above

3. The capacity to do work is called:

A. ecology
B. energy
C. entropy
D. element
E. isotope

4. Energy contained in moving objects is ___ energy, while stored energy available for use is ___ energy.

A. potential, isotopic
B. kinetic, potential
C. kinetic, entropy
D. high-quality, low-quality
E. potential, kinetic

5. Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

A. a rock perched at the top of a hill
B. water being held behind a dam
C. food
D. gasoline
E. water flowing down a river

6. Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

A. a rock rolling down a hill
B. water flowing down a river
C. a car on the highway going 75 mph
D. a rock perched at the top of a hill
E. all of the above

7. Concentrated energy that is useful in carrying out work is ___ energy, while diffuse or dispersed energy that is difficult to use is ___ energy.

A. potential, kinetic
B. kinetic, potential
C. high-quality, low-quality
D. random, entropy
E. isotopic, kinetic

8. An example of high-quality energy is:

A. electricity
B. gasoline
C. coal
D. a candy bar
E. all of the above

9. An example of low-quality energy is:

A. a candy bar
B. the heat stored in the ocean
C. electricity
D. gasoline
E. coal

10. Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted (or transformed) from one form to another. This is the:

A. law of conservation of matter
B. first law of thermodynamics
C. second law of thermodynamics
D. law of entropy
E. law of matter quality

11. When energy is converted (or transformed) from one form to another, there is less energy available to do work. This is the:

A. law of conservation of matter
B. law of kinetic energy
C. first law of thermodynamics
D. second law of thermodynamics
E. none of the above

12. The tendency of all natural systems to go from a state of order toward a state of disorder is called:

A. entropy
B. isotope
C. remediation
D. elements
E. kinetic

13. Atoms are composed of positively charged ___, negatively charged ___, and electrically neutral ___.

A. neutrons, electrons, protons
B. protons, electrons, neutrons
C. electrons, protons, neutrons
D. protons, neutrons, electrons
E. neutrons, protons, electrons

14. The nucleus of an atom is made of ___, and orbiting the nucleus is ___.

A. elements, protons
B. elements, neutrons
C. protons and neutrons, electrons
D. neutrons and electrons, protons
E. protons and electrons, neutrons

15. The atomic number of an element is the number of ___ in an atom.

A. protons
B. neutrons
C. protons plus neutrons
D. protons plus electrons
E. neutrons plus electrons

16. The atomic mass is the number of ___ in an atom.

A. protons
B. neutrons
C. neutrons plus electrons
D. protons plus neutrons
E. protons plus electrons

17. An atom that has gained or lost electrons, and therefore has an electrical charge is:

A. an ion
B. an isotope
C. a neutron
D. a proton
E. a nucleus

18. A form of an element with a different number of neutrons is called:

A. a proton
B. a nucleus
C. an ion
D. an isotope
E. a neutron

19. One form of oxygen has an atomic mass of 16, and another form of oxygen has an atomic mass of 17. What is the difference between the two forms of oxygen?

A. one form has an additional proton
B. one form has an additional neutron
C. one form has an additional electron
D. one form has 17 protons
E. one form has 16 protons

20. A molecule that contains atoms of two or more different elements is:

A. an isotope
B. a compound
C. an ion
D. a neutron
E. a nucleus

21. Acids:

A. are compounds that release hydrogen ions in water
B. are compounds that readily bond with hydrogen ions
C. have a pH of 7
D. have a pH greater than 7
E. have a negative pH

22. Bases:

A. are compounds that release hydrogen ions in water
B. are compounds that readily bond with hydrogen ions
C. have a pH of 7
D. have a negative pH
E. have a pH greater than 14

23. Which of the following is one of the four major classes of organic biochemical compounds?

A. lipids
B. carbohydrates
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids
E. all of the above

24. Which of the following statements is true?

A. All living organisms are composed of cells.
B. Cells carry out the processes of life.
C. Some organisms are composed of single cells.
D. Some organisms are multicellular.
E. all of the above

25. The class of organic biochemical compounds to which enzymes belong is:

A. lipids
B. carbohydrates
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids
E. all of the above

26. Which of the following is a type of reaction facilitated by enzymes?

A. reactions that provide energy
B. reactions that dispose of wastes
C. reactions that build proteins
D. reactions that create new cells
E. all of the above

27. Molecular catalysts that initiate chemical reactions without being used up or inactivated in the process are called:

A. lipids
B. enzymes
C. metabolites
D. chlorophyll
E. chloroplasts

28. The collection of reactions that take place in an organism is called:

A. metabolism
B. photosynthesis
C. cell respiration
D. chlorophyll
E. chloroplasts

29. Which of the following statements is true about water?

A. Water does not naturally occur in liquid form.
B. Water has a low surface tension.
C. Water is the medium in which all of life's chemical reactions occur.
D. Water will not conduct electricity.
E. all of the above

30. Which of the following statements is true about water?

A. Water expands as it crystallizes.
B. Water has a high heat of vaporization.
C. Water has a high specific heat.
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

31. Which of the following is a type of energy that is part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A. visible light
B. gamma rays
C. microwaves
D. radio waves
E. all of the above

32. Which of the following statements is true?

A. None of the sun's harmful short wavelengths are filtered out by atmospheric gases.
B. Only about 5% of the incoming sunlight may be reflected or absorbed by atmospheric clouds, dust, and gases.
C. More than half of the incoming sunlight may be reflected or absorbed by atmospheric clouds, dust, and gases.
D. Nearly 100% of the incoming sunlight may be reflected or absorbed by atmospheric clouds, dust, and gases.
E. Ozone is important in filtering out the harmful wavelengths of infrared waves.

33. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into useful, high-quality chemical energy in the bonds that hold together organic molecules.
B. Energy captured by photosynthesis supports nearly all life on earth.
C. Plants carry out photosynthesis.
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

34. The organelle in plant cells that carries out photosynthesis is the:

A. carbohydrates
B. chloroplast
C. chlorophyll
D. cellular respiration
E. enzymes

35. The molecule (or pigment) that captures light energy in photosynthesis is:

A. nucleic acid
B. chlorophyll
C. chloroplast
D. cellular respiration
E. carbohydrates

36. Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

A. 6CO₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + solar energy yields 6O₂ + 6H₂0
B. 6H₂0 + 6CO₂ + solar energy yields C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
C. 6H₂0 + C₆H₁₂O₆ + solar energy yields 6O₂ + 6CO₂
D. 6H₂0 + 6O₂ + solar energy yields C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6CO₂
E. 6CO₂ + 6O₂ + solar energy yields C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂0

37. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Cellular respiration is the process used by cells to split sugars and acquire energy.
B. Cellular respiration is a process used by both animals and plants.
C. Cellular respiration releases the energy that was captured during photosynthesis.
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

38. Which of the following is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

A. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ yields 6H₂0 + 6CO₂ + released energy
B. 6H₂0 + C₆H₁₂O₆ yields 6O₂ + 6CO₂ + released energy
C. 6H₂0 + 6O₂ yields C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6CO₂ + released energy
D. 6CO₂ + 6O₂ yields C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂0 + released energy
E. 6CO₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ yields 6O₂ + 6H₂0 + released energy

39. A group of organisms that are genetically similar enough to breed in nature and produce live, fertile offspring is called:

A. a species
B. a community
C. an ecosystem
D. a food web
E. a food chain

40. A biological community along with the physical environment is called:

A. a food web
B. a food chain
C. a community
D. an ecosystem
E. a species

41. Biotic factors in the environment include:

A. trees
B. pH of the water
C. rocks
D. sand
E. all of the above

42. Abiotic factors in the environment include:

A. temperature of the air
B. salinity (amount of dissolved salt)
C. amount of sunlight
D. sand
E. all of the above

43. The amount of biomass produced in a given area during a given period of time is called:

A. productivity
B. a food chain
C. a food web
D. abiotic factors
E. a trophic level

For questions 44-49, consider the following food chain:

44. Which organism is the tertiary consumer?

A. corn
B. mouse
C. snake
D. hawk
E. all of the above

45. Which organism is the herbivore?

A. corn
B. mouse
C. snake
D. hawk
E. all of the above

46. Which organism is the autotroph?

A. corn
B. mouse
C. snake
D. hawk
E. all of the above

47. Which organism is the primary carnivore?

A. corn
B. mouse
C. snake
D. hawk
E. all of the above

48. Which organism is the producer?

A. corn
B. mouse
C. snake
D. hawk
E. all of the above

49. Which organism is the secondary carnivore?

A. corn
B. mouse
C. snake
D. hawk
E. all of the above

For questions 50-54, consider the following food web:

50. Corn and blackberries are:

A. producer
B. primary consumer
C. secondary consumer
D. tertiary consumer
E. both secondary and tertiary consumer

51. The mouse is a:

A. producer
B. primary consumer
C. secondary consumer
D. tertiary consumer
E. both secondary and tertiary consumer

52. The snake is a:

A. producer
B. primary consumer
C. secondary consumer
D. tertiary consumer
E. both secondary and tertiary consumer

53. The hawk is a:

A. producer
B. primary consumer
C. secondary consumer
D. tertiary consumer
E. both secondary and tertiary consumer

54. The rabbit is a:

A. producer
B. primary consumer
C. secondary consumer
D. tertiary consumer
E. both secondary and tertiary consumer

55. Animals that feed on the dead carcasses of other animals are called:

A. producers
B. autotrophs
C. scavengers
D. biomass
E. trophic levels

56. Fungi and bacteria, which breakdown organic matter and return nutrients to the soil, are called:

A. decomposers
B. impostors
C. abiotic factors
D. autotrophs
E. producers

57. Why is the trophic structure in most ecosystems is shaped like a pyramid, with most of the energy stored in producers?

A. Not all of the consumed energy is used efficiently.
B. Some of the food that animals eat is not digested.
C. Animals must expend energy in daily activity, and this energy is lost as heat.
D. Ecosystems are not 100% efficient, and there is usually some surplus at the lower trophic levels.
E. all of the above

58. What is the average amount of energy at one trophic level that is carried up to the next trophic level?

A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 95%
E. 100%

59. The loss of energy from one trophic level to the next is an example of:

A. the law of conservation of matter
B. the first law of thermodynamics
C. the second law of thermodynamics
D. the cycling of nitrogen
E. the cycling of carbon

60. Which of the following statements is true regarding the carbon cycle?

A. Animals cause an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide through cellular respiration.
B. Coal, oil, and natural gas are the remains of ancient plants.
C. Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
D. Carbon dioxide can become dissolved in ocean water, where it may be incorporated into the shells of marine organisms.
E. all of the above

61. Which of the following statements is true regarding the carbon cycle?

A. Destruction of forests helps reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide.
B. Burning wood and fossil fuels increases the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
C. A decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide could lead to global warming.
D. Animals remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during cellular respiration.
E. all of the above

62. The greenhouse effect could be increased by:

A. destruction of forests
B. burning fossil fuels
C. burning wood
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

63. Which of the following human activities affect the nitrogen cycle?

A. overuse of fertilizers
B. overuse of pesticides
C. overgrazing
D. burning fossil fuels
E. all of the above

64. Plants take in nitrogen by:

A. taking up nitrates through their roots
B. taking up nitrates from the atmosphere
C. destroying bacteria in the soil
D. breaking down their DNA
E. all of the above

65. In the nitrogen cycle, bacteria:

A. turn atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
B. make ammonia out of nitrogen in dead animals
C. turn ammonia into nitrites and nitrates
D. release nitrogen back into the atmosphere
E. all of the above

66. A group of plants that are particularly important in nitrogen fixation (since they have roots with nodules containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria) is:

A. corn and other grasses
B. legumes, like beans
C. wheat and other grains
D. oaks and other trees
E. all of the above

67. Which of the following is NOT an important reservoir for phosphorus?

A. atmosphere
B. plants
C. animals
D. soil
E. rocks

68. All of the following human activities greatly affect the phosphorus cycle EXCEPT:

A. burning of fossil fuels
B. overuse of fertilizers
C. improper wastewater discharge
D. strip mining
E. human-caused erosion

69. Which of the following statements is true regarding the sulfur cycle?

A. Sulfur is an important component of carbohydrates.
B. Sulfur is an important component of lipids.
C. Sulfur is not found in living organisms.
D. The burning of coal leads to acid rain.
E. all of the above

70. Which of the following has a one-way flow through an ecosystem?

A. energy
B. carbon
C. nitrogen
D. phosphorous
E. all of the above

ANSWERS

1. C
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. E
6. D
7. C
8. E
9. B
10. B
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. D
19. B
20. B
21. A
22. B
23. E
24. E

25. C
26. E
27. B
28. A
29. C
30. D
31. E
32. C
33. D
34. B
35. B
36. B
37. D
38. A
39. A
40. D
41. A
42. E
43. A
44. D
45. B
46. A
47. C
48. A

49. D
50. A
51. B
52. C
53. E
54. B
55. C
56. A
57. E
58. A
59. C
60. E
61. B
62. D
63. E
64. A
65. E
66. B
67. A
68. A
69. D
70. A

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