Unit
11 Self Test
Choose the single best answer for each
of the following questions. A list of answers is given at the end of
this page.
1. The dense and intensely hot mass
of metal in the interior of the earth is called the:
- A. crust
- B. subduction
- C. tectonic plate
- D. core
- E. mantle
2. The middle layer of the earth, made
of hot pliable rock, is the:
- A. core
- B. subduction
- C. mantle
- D. crust
- E. tectonic plate
3. The outermost layer of the earth
is the:
- A. mantle
- B. crust
- C. subduction
- D. core
- E. igneous
4. The huge blocks of the earth's crust
that move around due to convection currents in the mantle are called:
- A. the outer core
- B. sedimentation plates
- C. the inner core
- D. subduction plates
- E. tectonic plates
5. Ocean basins are formed when:
- A. tectonic plates collide, forcing
rock upward
- B. continents crack and pull apart
- C. tectonic plates slide and grind
past each other
- D. an oceanic plate collides with
and goes under a continental plate
- E. an oceanic plate collides with
and goes over a continental plate
6. Earthquakes occur mainly when:
- A. continents crack and pull apart
- B. tectonic plates slide and grind
past each other
- C. an oceanic plate collides with
and goes under a continental plate
- D. an oceanic plate collides with
and goes over a continental plate
- E. the crust dips down into the
core
7. Large mountain ranges form mainly
when:
- A. tectonic plates slide and grind
past each other
- B. the crust dips down into the
core
- C. an oceanic plate collides with
and goes under a continental plate
- D. an oceanic plate collides with
and goes over a continental plate
- E. tectonic plates collide, forcing
rock upward
8. Subduction occurs when:
- A. tectonic plates slide and grind
past each other
- B. continents crack and pull apart
- C. tectonic plates collide, forcing
rock upward
- D. an oceanic plate collides with
and goes under a continental plate
- E. the crust dips down into the
core
9. Volcanoes occur:
- A. above subduction areas
- B. where the crust dips into the
core
- C. when tectonic plates collide,
forcing both plates upward
- D. where the mantle swirls into
the core
- E. only where the core is solid
10. Plate tectonics can have an effect
on:
- A. plant distributions
- B. animal distributions
- C. extinctions
- D. climate over particular continents
- E. all of the above
11. Which of the following is true?
- A. minerals are organic solids
- B. a rock is a mixture of minerals
- C. a mineral is a mixture of rocks
- D. minerals do not have a specific
crystal structure
- E. minerals are made of a metal
and a crystal
12. Rocks formed from solidified magma
or lava are:
- A. metamorphic rocks
- B. igneous rocks
- C. sedimentary rocks
- D. metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
- E. igneous and sedimentary rocks
13. Rocks formed from the melting,
contorting, and recrystallizing of other rocks are:
- A. sedimentary rocks
- B. igneous rocks
- C. metamorphic rocks
- D. metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
- E. igneous and sedimentary rocks
14. Rocks that form when loose grains
of other rocks become consolidated by time and pressure are called:
- A. igneous rocks
- B. metamorphic rocks
- C. sedimentary rocks
- D. metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
- E. igneous and sedimentary rocks
15. The rock cycle is:
- A. the process of moving minerals
from place to place
- B. the cycle of converting inorganic
matter to organic matter, and back again
- C. the continual creation, destruction,
and metamorphosis of inorganic matter
- D. the cycling of rocks from the
crust to the core and back
- E. the cycling of rocks from the
inner core to the outer core and back
16. The process of slowly breaking
down rock is called:
- A. sedimentation
- B. mineralogy
- C. weathering
- D. metamorphosis
- E. plate tectonics
17. Mechanical weathering is:
- A. the physical breakup of rock
into smaller particles
- B. usually caused by water, ice,
and wind
- C. usually caused by hydrolysis
and oxidation
- D. all of the above
- E. only A and B are correct
18. Chemical weathering is:
- A. the physical breakup of rock
into smaller particles
- B. usually caused by water, ice,
and wind
- C. usually caused by hydrolysis
and oxidation
- D. all of the above
- E. only A and B are correct
19. The selective removal or alteration
of specific components that leads to weakening and disintegration of
rock is called:
- A. economic mineralogy
- B. chemical weathering
- C. mechanical weathering
- D. sedimentation
- E. plate tectonics
20. The deposition of particles carried
away during mechanical weathering is called:
- A. sedimentation
- B. plate tectonics
- C. chemical weathering
- D. mineralogy
- E. metamorphosis
21. The study of minerals that are
valuable for manufacturing and trade is called:
- A. economic mineralogy
- B. plate tectonics
- C. sedimentation
- D. all of the above
- E. only B and C are correct
22. Sand, salts, and limestone are
types of:
- A. nonmetal minerals
- B. igneous rocks
- C. metals
- D. metal ores
- E. both C and D are correct
23. Malleable substances that are strong,
light (for their strength), and can be reshaped for many purposes include
most:
- A. sedimentary rocks
- B. types of uranium
- C. fossil fuels
- D. metals
- E. nonmetal minerals
24. Manganese, platinum, and chromium
are types of:
- A. metals
- B. nonmetal minerals
- C. sedimentary rocks
- D. uranium
- E. fossil fuels
25. Fossil fuels:
- A. are organic and therefore technically
not really minerals
- B. have no crystalline structure
and therefore technically not really minerals
- C. are often considered to be economic
minerals because they are important resources that must be mined
- D. all of the above
- E. only B and C are correct
26. Strategic metals and minerals are
resources that a country:
- A. depends on selling
- B. needs but cannot produce itself
- C. has in abundance
- D. uses in military and industrial
processes
- E. sells in order to make heavy
profits
27. Which of the following statements
is true?
- A. Strategic metals and minerals
are capable of crippling a country's economy or military strength
if unstable global economics or politics were to cut off supplies.
- B. Important minerals and metals
are not evenly or equally distributed around the world.
- C. A mineral can be strategic in
one country and not strategic in another country.
- D. all of the above
- E. only A and B are correct
28. Which of the following makes use
of underground tunnels?
- A. strip-mining
- B. placer mining
- C. shaft mining
- D. open-pit mining
- E. all of the above
29. Which of the following involves
washing out metals from streambeds?
- A. shaft mining
- B. strip-mining
- C. open-pit mining
- D. placer mining
- E. all of the above
30. Collapse of mine tunnels is most
likely to occur with:
- A. placer mining
- B. shaft mining
- C. strip-mining
- D. open-pit mining
- E. all of the above
31. Water pollution can occur with:
- A. strip-mining
- B. open-pit mining
- C. placer mining
- D. shaft mining
- E. all of the above
32. Habitat destruction can occur with:
- A. placer mining
- B. shaft mining
- C. strip-mining
- D. open-pit mining
- E. all of the above
33. Placer mining causes environmental
damage by:
- A. destroying streambed habitats
- B. filling the water with suspended
solids
- C. smothering aquatic life
- D. all of the above
- E. only B and C are correct
34. Reestablishing vegetation after
strip-mining and open-pit mining is difficult and expensive due to:
- A. burial of topsoil and compaction
of soil
- B. compaction of rock and soil
- C. erosion
- D. all of the above
- E. only A and B are correct
35. Heating of ore to remove metal
is called:
- A. shaft mining
- B. smelting
- C. chemical extraction
- D. placer mining
- E. sedimentation
36. In the mining and/or processing
of metals, a major source of air pollution is:
- A. placer mining
- B. shaft mining
- C. smelting
- D. chemical extraction
- E. all of the above
37. Which of the following can occur
after smelting ore?
- A. dense clouds of sulfur dioxide
poisons the vegetation and acidifies the soil
- B. the loss of vegetation allows
rain to erode away the topsoil
- C. cyanide solution sprayed over
the ore leads to water pollution
- D. all of the above
- E. only A and B are correct
38. Heap-leach extraction:
- A. uses a cyanide solution sprayed
over pulverized ore
- B. uses a great deal of water
- C. can lead to serious surface and
groundwater pollution
- D. all of the above
- E. only B and C are correct
39. When comparing recycling to mining:
- A. there is less waste to dispose
of in recycling
- B. recycling involves less habitat
destruction
- C. there is less energy required
in recycling
- D. there is less water resources
required in recycling
- E. all of the above
40. Which is the most effectively recycled
material in the United States?
- A. aluminum
- B. plastic
- C. copper
- D. lead
- E. iron
41. Minimills are designed to:
- A. increase placer mining
- B. convert copper into iron
- C. remelt and reshape scrap iron
and steel more cheaply than a traditional integrated steel mill
- D. do everything from preparing
raw ore to producing finished steel products
- E. remove ore from land that has
been strip-mined
42. Substitutions of materials in items
we use on a regular basis:
- A. include using polymers and ceramics
instead of steel in automobiles
- B. include using fiber-optics instead
of copper in telephone wires
- C. can lower the costs of making
these items
- D. can lower the risk of environmental
destruction and pollution
- E. all of the above
43. Structures most likely to suffer
extensive damage from an earthquake are those:
- A. built on fill
- B. built on bedrock
- C. built near water
- D. built near placer mines
- E. built near strip-mines
44. When large volcanoes erupt, it
tends to have ___ effect on the climate of the earth.
- A. no
- B. a cooling
- C. a warming
- D. all of the above
- E. none of the above
45. Which of the following can occur
when large volcanoes erupt?
- A. Dust and ash can circle the globe,
and reduce sunlight and air temperatures.
- B. Sulfur emissions can combine
with atmospheric moisture to produce sulfuric acid, which interferes
with solar radiation and cools the world climate.
- C. Sulfur dioxide aerosols can be
carried up into the stratosphere, reducing the stratospheric ozone,
allowing increased ultraviolet light to reach the earth's surface.
- D. all of the above
- E. only B and C are correct
46. Which geologic hazards economically
tend to be the most costly?
- A. floods
- B. earthquakes
- C. volcanoes
- D. mudslides
- E. landslides
47. Which of the following activities
increase the incidence of flooding and/or the economic costs of flooding?
- A. paving roads and parking lots
- B. clearing forests in a watershed
- C. planting agricultural crops in
flood plains
- D. building homes in flood plains
- E. all of the above
48. What is the major problem with
channelizing and deepening rivers?
- A. minor flooding upstream can lead
to fast and severe flooding downstream
- B. it speeds the rate of water infiltration
into the soil
- C. it carries too much water to
the ocean
- D. all of the above
- E. none of the above
49. Rather than spending money on deeper
channels and taller levees, how could money be spent to lessen the effects
of flooding?
- A. restore vegetation along rivers
- B. replant trees on hillsides in
the watershed
- C. build check dams on small streams
- D. move buildings off the floodplain
- E. all of the above
50. Which of the following places is
especially susceptible to erosion?
- A. hillsides
- B. beaches
- C. agricultural fields
- D. all of the above
- E. none of the above
51. Which of the following human activities
leads to erosion on beaches?
- A. building homes on beaches
- B. planting vegetation in sand dunes
- C. channelizing rivers that flow
into the ocean
- D. farming on floodplains
- E. swimming and fishing
ANSWERS
- 1. D
- 2. C
- 3. B
- 4. E
- 5. B
- 6. B
- 7. E
- 8. D
- 9. A
- 10. E
- 11. B
|
- 12. B
- 13. C
- 14. C
- 15. C
- 16. C
- 17. E
- 18. C
- 19. B
- 20. A
- 21. A
|
- 22. A
- 23. D
- 24. A
- 25. D
- 26. B
- 27. D
- 28. C
- 29. D
- 30. B
- 31. E
|
- 32. E
- 33. D
- 34. D
- 35. B
- 36. C
- 37. E
- 38. D
- 39. E
- 40. A
- 41. C
|
- 42. E
- 43. A
- 44. B
- 45. D
- 46. A
- 47. E
- 48. A
- 49. E
- 50. D
- 51. A
|
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